Compare Trinidad and Tobago (2004) - Tunisia (2004)

Compare Trinidad and Tobago (2004) z Tunisia (2004)

	Trinidad and Tobago (2004)	Tunisia (2004)

Administrative divisions	9 regional corporations, 2 city corporations, 3 borough corporations, and 1 ward regional corporations: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco city corporations: Port of Spain, San Fernando; borough corporations: Arima, Point Fortin, Chaguanas ward: Tobago	24 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
Age structure	0-14 years: 21.4% (male 120,153; female 114,205) 15-64 years: 70.6% (male 403,202; female 370,498) 65 years and over: 8.1% (male 39,762; female 48,765) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 26% (male 1,337,546; female 1,253,814) 15-64 years: 67.5% (male 3,373,199; female 3,360,402) 65 years and over: 6.5% (male 315,151; female 334,610) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry	olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
Airports	6 (2003 est.)	30 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 14 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 16 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 5,128 sq km land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 163,610 sq km land: 155,360 sq km water: 8,250 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Delaware	slightly larger than Georgia
Background	The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.	Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGUIBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to defuse rising pressure for a more open political society.
Birth rate	12.75 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	15.74 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.663 billion expenditures: $2.51 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (2003)	revenues: $6.101 billion expenditures: $6.855 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.6 billion (2003 est.)
Capital	Port-of-Spain	Tunis
Climate	tropical; rainy season (June to December)	temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
Coastline	362 km	1,148 km
Constitution	1 August 1976	1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago	conventional long form: Tunisian Republic conventional short form: Tunisia local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah local short form: Tunis
Currency	Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)	Tunisian dinar (TND)
Death rate	9.02 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	5.05 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$2.608 billion (2003 est.)	$14.39 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Roy L. AUSTIN embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain telephone: [1] (868) 622-6372 through 6376, 622-6176 FAX: [1] (868) 628-5462	chief of mission: Ambassador William J. HUDSON embassy: Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis, 2045 La Goulette, Tunisia mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [216] 71 107-000 FAX: [216] 71 962-115
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Marina Annette VALERE chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490 FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires Tarek Azouz chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 862-1850 FAX: [1] (202) 862-1858
Disputes - international	Barbados will assert its claim before UNCLOS that the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into its waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to challenge this boundary as it may extend into its waters as well	none
Economic aid - recipient	$24 million (1999 est.)	$378 million (2001)
Economy - overview	Trinidad and Tobago, the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The economy benefits from low inflation and a growing trade surplus. Prospects for growth in 2004 are good as prices for oil, petrochemicals, and liquified natural gas are expected to remain high, and foreign direct investment continues to grow to support expanded capacity in the energy sector. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime.	Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Real growth, averaging 5% for the latter half of the last decade, slowed to a 15-year low of 1.9% in 2002 because of agricultural drought, slow investment, and lackluster tourism. Better rains in 2003, however, pushed GDP growth up to an estimated 6 percent, and tourism also recovered after the end of combat operations in Iraq. GDP growth remained at 6% in 2004. Tunisia has agreed to gradually remove barriers to trade with the European Union over the next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, improvements in government efficiency, and reduction of the trade deficit are among the challenges for the future.
Electricity - consumption	4.943 billion kWh (2001)	9.748 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	5.315 billion kWh (2001)	10.48 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m	lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m
Environment - current issues	water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion	toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups	East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, black 39.5%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2%	Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Exchange rates	Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2929 (2003), 6.2487 (2002), 6.2332 (2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999)	Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.2885 (2003), 1.4217 (2002), 1.4387 (2001), 1.3707 (2000), 1.1862 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 14 February 2003 (next to be held in 2008); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 43%	chief of state: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987) head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a fourth term; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI 94.5%, Mohamed BOUCHIHA 3.8%, Mohamed Ali HALOUANI 1%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers	textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons
Exports - partners	US 63.5%, Jamaica 5.6%, France 3.2% (2003)	France 32.6%, Italy 21.9%, Germany 10.7%, Spain 4.7%, Libya 4.4% (2003)
Fiscal year	1 October - 30 September	calendar year
Flag description	red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side	red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam
GDP	purchasing power parity - $10.52 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $68.23 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 2.6% industry: 49% services: 48.4% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 13.9% industry: 32.2% services: 53.9% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $9,500 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $6,900 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.7% (2003 est.)	5.1% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	11 00 N, 61 00 W	34 00 N, 9 00 E
Geography - note	Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt	strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
Highways	total: 8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)	total: 18,997 km paved: 12,310 km (including 142 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,687 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: 2.3% highest 10%: 31.8% (1995)
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis	-
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals	textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
Imports - partners	US 31.7%, Venezuela 13.6%, Brazil 7.3%, Germany 6.6%, UK 5.1%, Japan 4.3% (2003)	France 26.1%, Italy 19.8%, Germany 8.9%, Spain 5.2% (2003)
Independence	31 August 1962 (from UK)	20 March 1956 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate	5.7% (2003 est.)	-0.1% (2003 est.)
Industries	petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles	petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
Infant mortality rate	total: 24.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 25.76 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.8% (2003 est.)	2.7% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	30 sq km (1998 est.)	3,800 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London	Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Labor force	590,000 (2003)	3.461 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 9.5%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, construction and utilities 12.4%, services 64.1% (1997 est.)	services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 1,424 km border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Land use	arable land: 14.62% permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (2001)	arable land: 17.86% permanent crops: 13.74% other: 68.4% (2001)
Languages	English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese	Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Legal system	based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the President, 6 by the opposition party for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2007) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - PNM 55.5%, UNC 44.5%; seats by party - PNM 20, UNC 16 note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms	unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (189 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RCD 152, MDS 14, PUP 11, UDU 7, Al-Tajdid 3, PSL 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 69.28 years male: 66.86 years female: 71.82 years (2004 est.)	total population: 74.66 years male: 73 years female: 76.44 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.6% male: 99.1% female: 98% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.2% male: 84% female: 64.4% (2003 est.)
Location	Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela	Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	Africa
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm
Merchant marine	total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,178 GRT/3,633 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea/passenger 1 foreign-owned: United States 1 registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)	total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 124,733 GRT/122,664 DWT by type: bulk 2, cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 1, short-sea/passenger 3 registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)
Military branches	Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force: Ground Force, Coast Guard, and Air Wing	Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$66.7 million (2003)	$356 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.6% (2003)	1.5% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 326,447 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,918,524 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 232,234 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,655,910 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 106,565 (2004 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 31 August (1962)	Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
Nationality	noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian	noun: Tunisian(s) adjective: Tunisian
Natural hazards	outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms	NA
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, asphalt	petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Net migration rate	-10.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-0.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	condensate 253 km; gas 1,117 km; oil 478 km (2004)	gas 3,059 km; oil 1,203 km; refined products 345 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TU [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]; Democratic Action Committee or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES], note - only active in Tobago	Al-Tajdid Movement [Ali HALOUANI]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ismail BOULAHYA]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed BOUCHIHA]; Progressive Democratic Party [Nejib CHEBBI]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin BAKR]	the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
Population	1,096,585 (July 2004 est.)	9,974,722 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	21% (1992 est.)	7.6% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	-0.71% (2004 est.)	1.01% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora	Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis
Radio broadcast stations	AM 4, FM 18, shortwave 0 (2004)	AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
Railways	-	total: 2,152 km standard gauge: 468 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,674 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) dual gauge: 10 km 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (three rails) (2003)
Religions	Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7%	Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	20 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent international service; good local service domestic: NA international: country code - 1-868; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana	general assessment: above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available domestic: trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay international: country code - 216; 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
Telephones - main lines in use	325,100 (2002)	1,163,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	361,900 (2002)	1,899,900 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	4 (2004)	26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain	mostly plains with some hills and low mountains	mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Total fertility rate	1.77 children born/woman (2004 est.)	1.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	10.4% (2003)	14.3% (2003 est.)

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